<h2>Name</h2>
<p>
The Surah has been so entitled after the word <em>al `adiyat</em> with which it
opens.
</p>
<h2>Period of Revelation</h2>
<p>
Whether it is a Makki or a Madani Surah is disputed. Hadrat Abdullah
bin Masud, Jabir, Hasan Basri, Ikrimah, and Ata say that it is Makki.
Hadrat Anas bin Malik, and Qatadah say that it is Madani; and from
Hadrat Ibn Abbas two views have been reported, first that it is a
Makki Surah, and second that it is Madani. But the subject matter of
the Surah and its style clearly indicate that it is no only Makki but
was revealed in the earliest stage of Makkah.
</p>
<h2>Theme and Subject Matter</h2>
<p>
Its object is to make the people realize how evil man becomes when he
denies the Hereafter, or becomes heedless of it, and also to warn them
that in the Hereafter not only their visible and apparent deeds but
even the secrets hidden in their hearts too will be subjected to
scrutiny. 
</p>
<p>
For this purpose the general chaos and confusion prevailing
in Arabia, with which the whole country was in turmoil, has been
presented as an argument. Bloodshed, loot and plunder raged on every
side. Tribes were subjecting tribes to raids, and no one could have
peaceful sleep at night from fear that some enemy tribe might raid his
settlement early in the morning. Every Arab was fully conscious of
this state of affairs and realized that it was wrong. Although the
plundered bemoaned his miserable, helpless state and the plunderer
rejoiced, yet when the plunderer himself was plundered, he too
realized how abject was the condition in which the whole nation was
involved. Referring to this very state of affairs, it has been said:
Unaware of the second life after death and his accountability before
God in it, man has become ungrateful to his Lord and Sustainer. He is
using the powers and abilities given by God for perpetrating tyranny
and pillage; blinded by the love of worldly wealth he tries to obtain
it by every means, however impure and filthy, and his own state itself
testifies that by abusing the powers bestowed by his Lord he is being
ungrateful to Him. He would never have behaved so, had he known the
time when the dead will be raised from the graves, and when the
intentions and motives with which he had done all sorts of deeds in
the world, will be exposed and brought out before everyone to see. At
that time the Lord and Sustainer of men shall be well informed of what
one had done and what punishment or reward one deserved.
</p>

